File on prosperity!
What consolidates Hristofor Kolumb, Tomas Edison and father Fedor from " of Twelve chairs "? Money was indispensable for all three to discover America, to invent a phonograph and to construct factory for a suppository. Today him{*it*} would be where easier: there is a method of the tax in the Internet of money on the most miscellaneous purposes - donation from crowd. He, certainly, not always and not everywhere is effective, but he works and all will work better and better.
Force in delicacy
The social communities and networks in the Internet differ by a major role of low couplings - communications{*connections*} between the poorly familiar people. And if for such forms of dialogue, as an exchange of music, the low couplings are customary, for commercial or noncommercial, but bound with the finance of processes they in a novelty: still recently it was difficult to itself to present, that someone will return money for solution of problems any of the stranger.
At first has appeared crowdsourcing (from English crowd - crowd and sourcing - guard ropes of resources) - help of unrestricted group of the enthusiasts in fulfilment any of the project, and it became clear, that the people are ready to sacrifice the time and forces - from here there was one step, that they have begun to sacrifice money. So the raising of money through the network on those or diverse purposes (at first noncommercial) has appeared the donation of crowd -. Then he was destiny of few network characters trying to accumulate money to treatment or study. Many remember the project A Million Dollars Homepage, where the writer, sold each pixel of the site on dollar, actually was engaged the donation of crowd. One million, by the way, he has collected fast, for couple of months.
It became soon clear, that the donation of crowd can be the business - pattern, source of the fee, mode of existence of large charitable organization and even by the source of finance of known political party. Also donation of crowd is the financial tool: by a source of the brave investments and method of microcrediting. Well and, naturally, tool of the swindlers - who did not receive " the African letters "? This message with the request to give of money to a bribe or diverse operation and promising of a share in the sold business - project of century. Why "African"? Simply more than 90 % of such circulations comes from Africa. However, the letters with the request for the financial help can reach whence it is necessary, moreover, swindlers create set of sites - more often on anonymous charge-free hosts. And in USA one person was threatened to cook and to eat the domestic rabbit, if the visitors of a site will not collect to him $ 50 thousand. Have collected $ 15 thousand., But here command of a site bored.com - has interfered has offered Blackmailer the bargain, the conditions by which one are not disclosed. To the rabbit Tobi since then nothing threatens.
But than is good the donation of crowd besides what helps to work to the swindlers, Blackmailers and other dark personalities? For example, method the donation of crowd is financed distribution of products of creativity. The known project Artistshare is constructed on such principle. The musicians spread the audio& and videos, and the other participants can listen them free of charge, or to download for money, or to introduce from $ 1 thousand up to $ 18 thousand on creative exercises of this or that actor, having received in exchange for it access to bulk of materials, including unique. By the way, one of участниr Artistshare Mary Shnader already has received the premium "Gremmi". The same principle was used by(with) group Radiohead, which one at pumping off of its{*her*} last album sacrificed on the average till $ 4.
Some communities are arranged more difficultly. So, the project Sell-a-Band allows the supporter to become someone like the shareholder, which one was inserted in the liked musician. After an output{*exit*} of an album each, who has introduced the mite to his{*its*} creation, can attend also to distribution.
Disappointments and hopes
Probably, first principles the donation of crowd was tested by(with) the creators of the software. Examples - popular browser Mozilla Firefox and word processor Abi Word. Such method of distribution has received the title donationware - variant of the program shareware, when she is free for the user, but it is recommended to introduce the donation - more often in exchange for padding possibilities. Thus, the side{*! on the verge of*} between donationware and shareware is conditional, all depends, how the creators take up a position the program. In West of sites for support of a developers team of the liked program bulk (for example, Micropledge), in Russia - not so and it is a lot of. Most known of donationware-programs - Mozilla Firefox. The truth, under the words of the coordinator of the project Mozilla in Russia Alexander Slovesnik, the basic injections go not from the private persons, and from the IT-companies (in opinion of the analysts from the Harward business - school, so the development the majority of charge-free programs, including Linux, OpenOffice, MySQL) is financed. According to the data of the mentioned analysts, for ten years in Firefox $ 317 million by large investors and only about the 100-th share of percent{*interest*} from this sum - private persons was enclosed. Under the words of the general director of a magazine softkey.ru Felx Muchnik, the pattern of development donationware for a long time is not considered any more seriously, and the demand for it{*her*} has transfered in adjacent categories - freeware and shareware.
If the pattern does not work for the programmers, it does not mean, that she can not work for the writers. The most known experiment in area the donation of crowd among the writers has delivered Stiwen King. Having laid out on conditions of voluntary payment ($ 1) first chapter of the book " a Touchdown material ", he has collected the sum in district $ 2 million, but already with following has received on the order less, and the experiment was minimized. The expert in the field of the Internets - communications Alexey Exler supposes, that today writer thus itself will not support, specially in Russia. This judgement confirms experience of the business - adviser Anton Popov, writer of the popular books " Personal recordings. A new sphere of influence " and " Marketing games. Entertain and dominate ": at several thousand pumping& off for his{*its*} book have paid only 14 persons, each at that there is more dollar. And for Sergey Lukyanenko the situation with donations is better - up to $ 1 thousand per one month leaves.
The post{*station*} payment the pattern works never mind, and before the payment - where is better. In 2005 the writer Wit Zenev, for which one has failed to agree with the publishers, successfully has collected from the readers money indispensable for the issuing of the book " the Protocols Conjureer Stomenov ". After appearance the product was transferred{*translated*} to foreign languages, there was audio a book, and are now negotiated for screening. Wit has informed with "Money" by secrets of the success. At first, he has placed{*installed*} the minimum sum of the donation - 6 thousand rbl. This unreasonable solution would seem,: those are clipped who is ready to sacrifice only medium-sized (we shall say, $ 100) sum. But, on the other hand, for the person, which one wants to help, there is of no choice - he can not sacrifice less, than is stipulated. Secondly, each supporter Zenev has sent till two copies of "Protocols" and more on one - following book. It is understandable, that, if it has worked three years back, should work and today.
From crowd to community
Recently has executed{*come true*} raising of money on the issuing of the book of reviews "3500" a known film-critic Sergey Kudryavzev (in " the Living Journal " is known as kinanet). Under the words Sergey, in September, 2006 he began to spread in LJ the reviews. During their discussion idea of the digest also was born. A bit later Sergey began the tax of money on the issuing. In judgement Kudryavzev, most perspective and honest variant of distribution of the book - under the reader''s prepayment, brought in personally to writer. In particular{*personally*}, so it is possible to shun set of problems with retail trade systems, which one do not want to contact to the separate writer, explaining it is by complication of accounts department, sending it{*him*} to the intermediaries and offering the margin up to 150 %. A plus to that by retail trade systems will not cover the reader abroad. If the writer gathers money from the future readers, he receives substantial submission about the audience and solves the problem distributions by the most simple image. In general tax of money is where more fruitful dialogue of the writer with the reader, than occurring on 1,5 hour presentations of the book.
At first film-critic Kudryavzev gathered till 1250 rbl., then, when has understood, what is it even much, has reduced a threshold up to 800. The tax of money called delight not all: Sergey received the negative commentaries accusing it{*him*} in spam (absurdity - spam of the own journal), with envy of the remark from the colleagues on shop. Step-by-step film-critic has accumulated 100 thousand rbl., then again through LJ the investor was found, which one has offered 250 thousand. And the first part of the book was issued, two third of circulation by which one is already realized through personal recordings of the writer (book is delivered to everyone, who financed its{*her*} issuing, including in Iceland). Sergey marks, that LJ the information site works and as a means of the tax of money, and as. All book reviews were refused free of charge to write a review on "3500", any mention considered{*counted*} as advertising, and in LJ about the book has written literally each, who has received her{*it*} from Sergey, including writer of one of the most man-tended journals.
Whether it is possible in the same way to remove cine? Sergey Kudryavzev supposes, that is possible, but under reservations. At first, it is possible to collect money, in his{*its*} judgement, only on filmings, but not on Postprodution, which one in a modern cinematograph is much more dear{*expensive*} than filmings. So, for the creators " a Witch from Bler " was received to type on familiar $ 30 thousand, to remove on them film and then to sell it{*him*} more than for $ 1 million companies which has inserted in Postprodution some more of millions. As is known, the film has brought in hire more than $ 200 million. However Sergey marks, that the Russian Internet - user is more inertial and is slow, he{*it*} has less enthusiasm, and consequently it is necessary to wait for the first similar swallows from West (very first, by everything, will be A Swarm Of Angels).
By means of the donation of crowd the representation journalism " - acute and dangerous press investigations is financed ". In judgement Dewid Kon, expert of the company Google and university Karnegi-Mellon, other path for such journalism no, instead of interested corporations first of all are interested in such investigations the usual tax bearers. Are most popular, as the practice of the profile project New Assignment, not too scale, but dynamical publications has shown.
Generally speaking, situation, when the user finances writing the articles, which one then are spread in open access, is well-known, as the minimum, due to the encyclopedia "Wikipediya". The truth one of the coordinators of activity "Postprodution" in Russia Wladimir Medeyko while is adjusted is pessimistic, as from our country acts{*arrives*} only about 0,1 % of financing. Wladimir links it first of all that in Russia in the list of the supporters on "Postprodution" there are no organizations, and there are only private persons, and for them the procedure of the donations is not so simple. One more nuance: money in the basic fissile participants of the project, those sacrifices who charges Russian "Postprodution" with materials. Now in Russia of fissile operation on engaging money in the project is not conducted as against America, where there is a search of the large sponsors, behind which one the small-sized and private{*individual*} supporters, as is known, are pulled. However Wladimir Medeyko considers{*counts*}, that the situation will soon be changed. The welfare of the citizens, popularity of the project - too grows, and for the tax of money even there is a fund Wikimedia.
The investments in the sum
It is possible to use the donation of crowd and for engaging the brave investments. In West the most known such project - Cambrian House. His{*its*} participants hang out the ideas on a general review; wishing can become the direct participants of their realization or simply give on it money. Cambrian House has come in a portfolio of the Harward business - school, there was,appear, ensample, having collected in general almost $ 8 million of investments. However hardly there is more month back Cambrian House was sold to the large American brave company Spencer Trask Ventures for medium-sized (on auditions) sum.
In Russia such projects act rather successfully, as most interesting the main editor " of the Business - journal online " the Internet - analyst Andrew Shipilow considers{*counts*} shareholder.ru and capitaller.ru, which one were based by(with) the payment system WebMoney. On the first resource it is possible to collect the indispensable sum on the project. On second - to spend assembled means under a control of the investors and with the strict report. With a main reason of success of a site for such activity (on the sums in hundred thousand dollars shareholder.ru gather, and often by contributions on $5-10) Andrew considers{*counts*} the mechanism of a substantial control of the investors behind draft on funds is follow-up involves the investors; furthermore to construct a financial pyramid on the basis of such service technically it is impossible. As brakes the imperfect legislation was called in the field of a digital signature.
It is possible to mention and absolutely young project b-generator.ru. As asserts{*approves*} Wiktor Zaharchenko, the chief of the контент-projects e-generator.ru, in this case donation of crowd was realized in the format national IPO through a site " Venchur of factory " - have adjusted the mechanism of raising of money for the business - projects by engaging petty cashes from a plenty of the investors.
The aged purposes new means
The donation of c
